Biomarkers in Orthodontics: An Overview

Abstract

A biomarker is a substance that is measured and evaluated objectively as an indicator of normal biologic
processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Tooth movement
by orthodontic treatment is characterized by remodelling changes in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomenons can be found in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of moving
teeth, with significant elevations in the concentrations of its components like, cytokines, neurotransmitters,
growth factors and arachidonic acid metabolites. Knowledge of biomarkers present in the GCF may be of
clinical use leading to proper choice of mechanical stress for betterorthodontic treatment and lesser side
effects