Influence of Bust Size and Waist Circumference on Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Voltage Index in Blacks Africans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/1jhhb671Keywords:
bust size, waist circumference, resting electrocardiogram, left ventricular voltage index.Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated on relationship between anthropometric characteristics and
electrocardiographic left ventricular mass (LVM). These studies, performed mainly in Caucasians, have mostly
focused on influence of body mass index on left ventricular voltage indices (LVVI), and rarely on bust size and/
or waist circumference.
Aim: To determine influence of bust size and waist circumference on LVVI in healthy sedentary people of black
African origin.
Method: Experimental, prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study including 66 volunteers (20 women) aged 18
to 35 years. They were received in morning on empty stomach. Bust size and waist circumference were measured
with tape measure. Standard electrocardiogram was performed at rest. R and S wave amplitude and QRS
complex duration were measured. Sokolow-Lyon, R in aVL, Cornell and Cornell product indexes were calculated.
Correlation was sought between each LVVI and anthropometric characteristics studied.
Results: Bust size and waist circumference were positively correlated with LVVI. Correlation with bust size was
statistically significant for all LVVI except for R in aVL index, while for waist circumference it was only significant
with R in aVL index.
Conclusion: This study confirms relationship between anthropometric characteristics and LVVI. Therefore,
interpretation of LVM anomalies from LVVI should also take into consideration morphotype of each individual.
References
1. Hancock EW, Deal BJ, Mirvis DM Okin P, Kligfield P, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram Part V: Electrocardiogram Changes Associated With Cardiac Chamber Hypertrophy. Circulation. 2009;119: 251-61. Doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.191097.
2.Djaha-Toumata S, Balayssac-Siransy E, Kouame BA, Brou M, Boka KJM, Assi A et al.Influence de l’indice de masse corporelle sur des indices de voltage ventriculaire gauche chez le sujet noir africain. Bio-Africa. 2021;n°26, p. 7-13.
3.Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M et al. ESC/ESH Guidelines for themanagement of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39(33) :3021-104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ ehy339.
4.Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB. ASE committeerecommendations. Recommandations pour la Quantification des Cavités Cardiaques. J Am SocEchocardiogr. 2005;18: 1440-63. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005.
5. Cohen A, Soulat-Dufour L, Ancedy Y, Bedet A, Chauvet M, Cohen S et al.Echocardiographie en Pratique. Lavoisier. 2017 ; p.437-41.
6.Taboulet P. L’ECG de A à Z. 2e éd. Paris : Maloine ; 2014.
7. Levy D, Labib SB, Anderson KM et al. Determinants of sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 1990 ; 81:815-20.
8. Norman JE Jr, Levy D, Campbell G et al. Improved detection of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy using a new electrocardiographic algorithm. J Am CollCardiol. 1993 ; 21:1680–86.
9. Abacherli R, Zhou L, Schmid JJ, Kobza R, Niggli B, Frey F, et al. Correlation Rela¬tionship Assessment between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Voltage Criteria and Body Mass Index in 41,806 Swiss Conscripts Ann Nonin¬vasive Electrocardiol. 2009;14(4):381–388.
10. Courand PY, Grandjean A, Charles P, Paget V, Khettab F, Bricca G et al.R Wave in aVL Lead Is a Robust Index of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Cardiac MRI Study. Am JournHypertens. 2015 ; 28 (8): 1038-48. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu268.
11. Cuspidi C., Facchetti R., Bombelli M., Sala C., Tadic M., Grassi G. et al. Does QRS Voltage Correction by Body Mass Index Improve the Accuracy of Electrocardiography in Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Predicting Cardiovascular Events in a General Popula¬tion? JClinHyperten. 2016; 18 (5), 415-21. doi: 10.1111/jch.12678.
12.Hassing GJ, Van der Wall HEC, Van Westen GJP, Kemme MJB, Adiyaman A, Elvan A, et al. Body mass index related electrocardio¬graphic findings in healthy young individuals with a normal body mass index. Neth Heart J. 2019; 27:506–512 https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12471-019-1282-x G.
13. Walsh JA III, Prineas R, Daviglus ML, Ning H, Liu K, Lewis CE et al. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in a Middle-Aged, Biracial Population: Coronary Artery Risk Development inYoung Adults (CARDIA) Study. Journal of Electrocardiology. 2010 ; 43 (5): 385-9. doi: 10.1016/j. jelectro¬card.2010.02.001.
14. Bonny A, Bika ELC, Mandengue S, Lar¬razet F, Amara W. Différences ethniques de l’électrocardiogramme entre une population de noirs africains et de blancs européens âgés de moins de 35 ans. La Presse Médicale. 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.11.002.
15. Kouame BA, Balayssac-siransy E, Djaha-Toumata, Kouassi BM, Kondo L, Kotchi BJ et al. Influence de la surface corporelle sur les indices de voltage ventriculaire gauche chez des sédentaires sains. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2021 ; 15(6) : 2272-82.
16.Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady D, Newman TB. Designing Clinical Research: an Epidemiologic Approach (4th edn). Lippincott Williams &Wilkins : Philadelphia, PA. 2013; 79p.
17. Delpierre S, Badier M, Guillot C, Monnier A. Vademecumd’ExplorationsFonctionnellesRespiratoires(1ère édn). De Boeck; Bruxelles. 2013 ; p. 24.
18. Pi-Sunyer FX, Becker DM, Bouchard C, Carleton RA, Colditz GA, Dietz WH et al. The Practical Guide Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. NIH Publication. 2000; 00-4084.
19. Kligfield P, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Childers R, Deal JB, Hancock EW et all. Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part I: The Electrocardiogram and Its Technology. Circulation. 2007 ; 115:1306-24.doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.180200.
20. Swenson DJ, Geneser SE, Stinstra JG, Kirby RM, MacLeod RS. Cardiac Position Sensitivity Study in the Electrocardiographic Forward Problem Using Stochastic Collocation and Boundary Element Methods.Ann Biomed Eng. 2011; 39(12): 2900-10. doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0391-5.
21. Xue JJ, Wang TQ, Jia YQ, Xiao Y, Tian MH, Guan DW et al.Statistical Analysis of the Heart and Lung Mass in Forensic Anatomical Cases and Its Forensic Significance.Journal of forensic Medicine. 2019 ;35(6):651-656. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.06.002.
22. Zhang W, Zhou Y, Bai B, Yu S, Xiong J, Chi C et al. Consistency of left ventricular hypertrophy diagnosed by electrocardiography and echocardiography: the Northern Shanghai Study. ClinInterv Aging. 2019; 11(14): 549-556. doi: http://dx.org/10.2147/CI.S18072.
23. Gardin JM, Savage DD, Ware JH, Henry WL. Effect of Age, Sex, and Body Surface Area on Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Wall Mass in Normal Subjects.Hypertension. 1987; 9(2):II36-9. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.9.2_pt_2.ii36.
24. Ahmed SN, Jhaj R, Sadasivam B, Joshi R. Prediction of Left Ventricular Mass Index Using Electrocardiography in Essential Hypertension - A Multiple Linear Regression Model. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research. 2020;13: 163-72. doi: 10.2147/mder.s253792.
25. Okin PM, Wright JT, Nieminen MS,Jern S, Taylor AL, Phillips R et al.Ethnic Differences in Electrocardiographic criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The LIFE Study.Am J Hypertens. 2002; 15, Issue 8, 663–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02945-X.
26. Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française, 9e édition : https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9B2474. Accès le 12/01/2023 à 12h00.
27. Schröder J, Nuding S, Müller-Werdan U, Werdan K, Kluttig A, Russ M et al. Performance of Sokolow-Lyon index in detection of echocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy in a normal Eastern German population - results of the CARLA study. BMC CardiovascDisord. 2015;15(1): 69-75. doi: 10.1186/s12872-015-0066-5.
28. Niakara A, Ouédraogo N, Nébié LVA, Kaboré NJP, Megnigbeto CA. Indices électrocardiographiques de routine pour le diagnostic de l'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche : performances chez le sujet noir africain. Ann CardiolAngeio. 2002; 51(4) : 193-198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3928(02)00096-3Get rights and content.
29. Wachtell K, Rokkedal J, Bella JN, Aalto T, Dahlöf B, Smith G et al. Effect of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy on left ventricular systolic function in systemic hypertension (The LIFE Study). Losartan Intervention for Endpoint. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001.;87(1): 54-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.101016/S0002-914(00)01272-8.
30. Pataky Z, Bobbioni-Harsch E, Makoundou V, Golay A. Périmètre abdominal augmenté et facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Rev Med Suisse. 2009; 5 : 671-5.
31. Rao PS. Racial differences in electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms between black and white adolescents.J Electrocardiol. 1985; 18 (4); p. 309-313. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0736(85)80012-1.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Ownership: Authors retain copyright ownership of their work after publication in IJOP. However, they grant the journal an exclusive Creative Commons license.
Creative Commons License: The authors grant IJOP the right to exclusively apply a Creative Commons license to their work upon publication. This license permits use, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided that the original work and its source are properly cited. The specific license applied is Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows for attribution, non-commercial use, and derivative works.
Editorial Research: Authors grant the journal the right to analyze information obtained from submitted manuscripts for editorial research purposes. This analysis aims to improve the peer-review process, teaching, and training activities.
Warranties: Authors warrant that their work is original, contains no libelous statements, is lawful, and does not infringe upon any copyright, trademark, patent, or proprietary rights of others. Authors agree to indemnify the editors against any costs, expenses, and damages arising from any breach of this warranty.
Views and Opinions: The views and opinions expressed in the article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the journal.